Topic: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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dave_yinunspokenultra seeker     total posts: 1425 since: Nov 2002
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 Apr 05, 04 at 12:07pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Well, like I said, a character does not 'need' green hair unless it is important to the story. Even in fiction (for humans mostly).
But of course, there are other types of fantasy characters which one can develop, but they should still be believable.
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Artificer
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 Apr 07, 04 at 5:31pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Le Café Bleu :: Writing Tutorial :: Poetry » Terms
It takes just as much effort (if not more) to read poetry than to write it. In explications of certain poems, if you are inexperienced with poetry, you might find yourself baffled by the use of seemingly alien terms to describe such simple verse; my effort with this tutorial is to help you understand a lot of these terms. If you know of something that can be added, then please, don't hesitate to contact me.
Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds in a group of words close together. Initial alliteration is alliteration at the beginning of words, and initial/hidden alliteration is when it occurs within words. Paul Griffin's take:Some writers rate readers as rotten and ratty And treat them to tricks that are terribly tatty. Alliteration attempts to achieve, By beating the bleeders until they believe, Or glibly and gushingly giving them grounds, Since they see such a sequence of similar sounds, For taking the tale they are telling as true And accepting the author without more ado. Does it work? Well, it won't when the wise are awake; But they sink to sleep sometimes, for sanity's sake, And then the tendentious all talk of technique And the poorest of poets is praised to the peak.
Lady Luck, labour lovingly: leave me alive; Send the sages to sleep! So, my song may survive. Allusion: A reference in one work of literature to a person, place, or event in another work of literature or in history, art, or music. Louise Bogan's "Medusa":I had come to the house, in a cave of trees, Facing a sheer sky. Everything moved,—a bell hung ready to strike, Sun and reflection wheeled by.
When the bare eyes were before me And the hissing hair, Held up at a window, seen through a door. The stiff bald eyes, the serpents on the forehead Formed in the air.
This is a dead scene forever now. Nothing will ever stir. The end will never brighten it more than this, Nor the rain blur.
The water will always fall, and will not fall, And the tipped bell make no sound. The grass will always be growing for hay Deep on the ground.
And I shall stand here like a shadow Under the great balanced day, My eyes on the yellow dust, that was lifting in the wind, And does not drift away.
Analogy: An extended comparison showing the similarities between two things. The "extended" is what makes it different from similes and metaphors (which will be discussed later). In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Nature," the analogy is that just as a mother leads us to sleep, nature leads us to our death, as follows:As a fond mother when the day is o'er Leads by the hand her little child to bed, Half willing, half reluctant to be led, And leave his broken playthings on the floor, Still gazing at them through the open door, Nor wholly reassured and comforted By promises of others in their stead Which, though more splendid, may not please him more. So Nature deals with us and takes away Our playthings one by one, and by the hand Leads us to rest so gently, that we go, Scarce knowing if we wished to go or stay, Being too full of sleep to understand How far the unknown transcends the what we know. Assonance: The repetition of similar vowel sounds, usually close together, in a group of words. Another of Paul Griffin's works:True assonance in poetry will seldom make it flow, For it's far too much like rhyming that has failed to score a hit: The vowels you aim to echo, but the consonants you don't, And the ultimate result is to make it sound like this.
In another sort of assonance you mostly change the vowels, Leaving consonants to echo like a carillon of bells, Rolling off delightfully through valleys and through vales And curling round the consciousness like boomerangs or bowls.
Yet assonance, sweet assonance, is very much like dissonance, Precocious and preposterous, and missing ever time: Its anarchistic pistons seem to lose the joy of unisons And tangle up your thinking, till you seek relief in rhyme.
Ballad: A narrative poem that depends on regular verse patterns and strong rhymes for its effect. Lord Randal ("fain wad" means "gladly would")"O where ha you been, Lord Randal, my son? And where ha you been, my handsome young man?" "I ha been at the greenwood; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm wearied wi hunting, and fain wad lie down."
"An wha met ye there, Lord Randal, my son? And wha met ye there, my handsome young man?" "O I met wi my true-love; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm wearied wi huntin, and fain wad lie down."
"And what did she give you, Lord Randal, My son? And wha did she give you, my handsome young man?" "Eels fried in a pan; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm wearied wi huntin, and fein wad lie down."
"And what gat your leavins, Lord Randal my son? And wha gat your leavins, my handsome young man?" "My hawks and my hounds; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm wearied wi huntin, and fein wad lie down."
"And what becam of them, Lord Randal, my son? And what becam of them, my handsome young man? "They stretched their legs out and died; mother mak my bed soon, For I'm wearied wi huntin, and fain wad lie down."
"O I fear you are poisoned, Lord Randal, my son! I fear you are poisoned, my handsome young man!" "O yes, I am poisoned; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm sick at the heart, and fain wad lie down."
"What d'ye leave to your mother, Lord Randal, my son? What d'ye leave to your mother, my handsome young man?" "Four and twenty milk kye; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wad lie down."
"What d'ye leave to your sister, Lord Randal, my son? What d'ye leave to your sister, my handsome young man?" "My gold and my silver; mother mak my bed soon, For I'm sick at the heart, an I fain wad lie down."
"What d'ye leave to your brother, Lord Randal, my son? What d'ye leave to your brother, my handsome young man?" "My houses and my lands; mother, mak my bed soon, For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wad lie down."
"What d'ye leave to your true-love, Lord Randal, my son? What d'ye leave to your true-love, my handsome young man?" "I leave her hell and fire; mother mak my bed soon, For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wad lie down."
Bathos: Writing that strives to be serious but achieves only a comic effect because it is anti-climactic.When purple passion grabs you by the scruff, You'll find the world entirely sympathetic, So swear eternal love, and all that stuff, And settle down to savour the bathetic. Love is a pretty powerful emotion Which lasts for ages when you find you're caught; It's like a lighthouse when you're on the ocean That shines to guide you safely into port. Once there, of course you'll need a change; be fair— You can't go on for years with anyone; And girls grow old, and lads acquire grey hair. With someone younger you can have more fun. Oh, love will last quite long, I think you'll find, Until the day it gets to be a bind. Blank Verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter, where each usually contains ten syllables and every other syllable is stressed. Robert Frost's "Birches":When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them. But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay. Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning After a rain. They click upon themselves As the breeze rises, and turn many-coloured As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen. They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load, And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed So low for long, they never right themselves: You may see their trunks arching in the woods Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground, Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair Before them over their heads to dry in the sun. But I was going to say when Truth broke in With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm, I should prefer to have some boy bend them As he went out and in to fetch the cows-- Some boy too far from town to learn baseball, Whose only play was what he found himself, Summer or winter, and could play alone. One by one he subdued his father's trees By riding them down over and over again Until he took the stiffness out of them, And not one but hung limp, not one was left For him to conquer. He learned all there was To learn about not launching out too soon And so not carrying the tree away Clear to the ground. He always kept his poise To the top branches, climbing carefully With the same pains you use to fill a cup Up to the brim, and even above the brim. Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish, Kicking his way down through the air to the ground. So was I once myself a swinger of birches. And so I dream of going back to be. It's when I'm weary of considerations, And life is too much like a pathless wood Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs Broken across it, and one eye is weeping From a twig's having lashed across it open. I'd like to get away from earth awhile And then come back to it and begin over. May no fate willfully misunderstand me And half grant what I wish and snatch me away Not to return. Earth's the right place for love: I don't know where it's likely to go better. I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more, But dipped its top and set me down again. That would be good both going and coming back. One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.
Cento, or Poetic Consequences: A poem created by combining lines from other poets. Frank Richard's "Proposal in Cento":So we'll go no more a-roving so late into the night. [Byron] I will make you brooches and toys for your delight. [R.L. Stevenson] Come live with me and be my love, under the greenwood tree [Donne/Shakespeare] By the old Moulmein pagoda, in that kingdom by the sea. [Kipling/Poe] Chain Verse: Verse in which the last line of one stanza is repeated in the first line of the next. Katie Mallett's views:I had to write a verse, but it was clear I had few words to use; to ease my plight I made a chain.
I made a chain of words, as you can hear The last phrase links the stanzas, as I write The method's plain.
The method's plain to see; two stanzas share The rhymes I chose to use, but with the third The sounds are changed.
The sounds are changed; alas, with few to spare I have to stop before the final word Is re-arranged. Conceit: A fascinating metaphor proved by inane logic. Bill Greenwell on the subject:When poets speak of their 'conceit', It's not of arrogance they speak But some outrageous, cunning feat Of metaphor, a mite oblique, As 'Love is like a Rubik Cube'... Or "Marriage is a toothpaste-tube' Or "Death is like a bicycle'— And these they prove in twisty style By turning logic inside ut. Conceit is literary guile (But also arrogance, no doubt). Concrete Poem: A shape poem. Links to them here.
Couplet: Two consecutives lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet includes two consecutive lines of rhyming poetry that are written in iambic pentameter and that contain a complete thought. Two couplets and one heroic couplet, in order:So, till the judgment that yourself arise, You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.
And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword, Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord!
Hence will I to my ghostly father's cell, His help to crave and my dear hap to tell.
Diction: A writer's choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.Three blind mice, See how they run. They all ran after The farmer's wife She cut off their tails With a carving knife Did you ever see Such a sight in your life As three blind mice?
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Three rodents with defective vision, Observe their rate of motion. They all pursued an agriculturalist's spouse, Who severed their spinal extremities with a common kitchen utensil. Have you ever observed such a phenomenon in the span of your existence As three rodents with defective vision?
Didactic or 'Useful' Verse: Verse that communicates information. A haiku by E. O. Parrott, "Poor Knights' Pudding":Bits of wine-soaked bread Dipped in beaten egg and fried. Add cream and sugar.
Dramatic Poetry: Poetry in which on or more characters speak. See "Lord Randal" further up the page under "Ballad."
Epic: A long narrative poem that relates the deeds of a hero. Examples are the Odyssey and the Iliad.
Epithalamion: A lyric ode in honor of a bride and bridegroom. John Donne's epithalamion on the wedding of Lady Elizabeth and Count Palatine on Valentine's Day:Hail Bishop Valentine, whose day this is ; All the air is thy diocese, And all the chirping choristers And other birds are thy parishioners ; Thou marriest every year The lyric lark, and the grave whispering dove, The sparrow that neglects his life for love, The household bird with the red stomacher ; Thou makest the blackbird speed as soon, As doth the goldfinch, or the halcyon ; The husband cock looks out, and straight is sped, And meets his wife, which brings her feather-bed. This day more cheerfully than ever shine ; This day, which might enflame thyself, old Valentine.
Till now, thou warmd'st with multiplying loves Two larks, two sparrows, or two doves ; All that is nothing unto this ; For thou this day couplest two phoenixes ; Thou makst a taper see What the sun never saw, and what the ark —Which was of fouls and beasts the cage and park— Did not contain, one bed contains, through thee ; Two phoenixes, whose joined breasts Are unto one another mutual nests, Where motion kindles such fires as shall give Young phoenixes, and yet the old shall live ; Whose love and courage never shall decline, But make the whole year through, thy day, O Valentine.
Up then, fair phoenix bride, frustrate the sun ; Thyself from thine affection Takest warmth enough, and from thine eye All lesser birds will take their jollity. Up, up, fair bride, and call Thy stars from out their several boxes, take Thy rubies, pearls, and diamonds forth, and make Thyself a constellation of them all ; And by their blazing signify That a great princess falls, but doth not die. Be thou a new star, that to us portends Ends of much wonder ; and be thou those ends. Since thou dost this day in new glory shine, May all men date records from this day, Valentine.
Come forth, come forth, and as one glorious flame Meeting another grows the same, So meet thy Frederick, and so To an inseparable union go, Since separation Falls not on such things as are infinite, Nor things, which are but one, can disunite. You're twice inseparable, great, and one ; Go then to where the bishop stays, To make you one, his way, which divers ways Must be effected ; and when all is past, And that you're one, by hearts and hands made fast, You two have one way left, yourselves to entwine, Besides this bishop's knot, of Bishop Valentine.
But O, what ails the sun, that here he stays, Longer to-day than other days ? Stays he new light from these to get ? And finding here such stars, is loth to set ? And why do you two walk, So slowly paced in this procession ? Is all your care but to be look'd upon, And be to others spectacle, and talk ? The feast with gluttonous delays Is eaten, and too long their meat they praise ; The masquers come late, and I think, will stay, Like fairies, till the cock crow them away. Alas ! did not antiquity assign A night as well as day, to thee, old Valentine ?
Epithet: A descriptive adjective or phrase used to characterize someone or something. For example, in the Odyssey, Odysseus is a "raider of cities" and Zeus is a "father of gods and men."
Euphony: Agreeable sound, especially in the phonetic quality of words. D. A. Prince's take:Sweet euphony: a melody in sounds, Voluptuously, sensuously, breathes low In flowing vowels' ample spread and slow Silk-padded consonants that cradle round;
Slips down the throat like honeyed syllabub, Weaves cobweb's lace upon the day's deeped reams. Cacophony's tin-rattle cat-clawed screams Bully and batter, make a shrill hubbub.
Free Verse: Poetry that doesn't have a fixed line length, stanza form, rhyme scheme, or meter. Walt Whitman's "The Dismantled Ship":In some unused lagoon, some nameless bay, On sluggish, lonesome waters, anchor'd near the shore, An old, dismasted, gray and batter'd ship, disabled, done, After free voyages to all the seas of earth, haul'd up at last and hawser'd tight, Lies rusting, mouldering.
Haiku: A Japanese verse form consisting of three lines and seventeen syllables.A bead of water Clinging to a willow branch: The first drop of rain!
Hyperbole: A figure of speech that uses exaggeration or oversatement for effect. Phyllis McGinley's "Notes Written on a Damp Veranda" (her hyperbole emphasizes how much it rains on her vacation):Do they need any rain In Portland, aine? Does Texas pray for torrents, The water supply Run dry, run dry, From the ancient wells of Florence? Is the vintage grape In perilous shape On the slopes of Burgundy? Let none despair At the arid air— They've only to send for me. Invite me to stay for a holiday And the rain will follow me.
Imagery: Words or phrases that use description to create pictures, or images, in the reader's mind. An excerpt from Amy Lowell's "Venus Transiens":For me, You stand poised In the blue and buoyant air, Cinctured by bright winds, Treading the sunlight. And the waves which precede you Ripple and stir The sands at your feet. Inversion: The reversal of the usual order of words in a sentence. Example is from Emily Dickinson's "For Each Ecstatic Instant":For each ecstatic instant We must an anguish pay In keen and quivering ratio To the ecstacy. Lyric Poetry: Verse, usually brief, which focuses on the emotions or thoughts of the speaker. Carl Sandburg's "Splinter":
The voice of the last cricket across the first frost is one kind of goodbye. It is so thin a splinter of singing.
Macaronic Verse: Verse with foreign language. A poem by T. L. McCarthy:
A pedant recently averred In accents short and tense, 'I don't believe you've ever heard Of macaronic verse!'
I shook my head. 'O tempora,' I cried, 'O mores, too!' And further, 'Qué sera sera! Peccavi! Taisez-vous!' Metaphor: A comparison made between two things which are basically dissimilar, with the intent of giving added meaning to one of them. An excerpt from Gwendolyn Brooks' "The Ballad of Rudolph Reed":Rudolph Red was oaken. His wife was oaken too. Metaphysical Poetry: Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man's relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress":Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. We would sit down and think which way To walk, and pass our long love's day; Thou by the Indian Ganges' side Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the Flood; And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews. My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow. An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest; An age at least to every part, And the last age should show your heart. For, lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate.
But at my back I always hear Time's winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie Deserts of vast eternity. Thy beauty shall no more be found, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound My echoing song; then worms shall try That long preserv'd virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust. The grave's a fine and private place, But none I think do there embrace.
Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew, And while thy willing soul transpires At every pore with instant fires, Now let us sport us while we may; And now, like am'rous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour, Than languish in his slow-chapp'd power. Let us roll all our strength, and all Our sweetness, up into one ball; And tear our pleasures with rough strife Thorough the iron gates of life. Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. Meter: The regular pattern of rhythm—that is, of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse. Different feet (stressed and unstressed syllables) include iambs (unstressed, stressed), trochees (stressed, unstressed), anapests (unstressed, unstressed, stressed), dactyls (stressed, unstressed, unstressed), and spondees (stressed, stressed).
Narrative Poetry: Poetry that tells a story. An example is Homer's Odyssey.
Octave: A grouping of eight lines of verse, as in the first eight lines of a Petrarchan Sonnet. Edna St. Vincent Millay's octave from "Sonnet XLIII":What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why, I have forgotten, and what arms have lain Under my head till morning; but the rain Is full of ghosts tonight, that tap and sigh Upon the glass and listen for reply, And in my heart there stirs a quiet pain For unremembered lads that not again Will turn to me at midnight with a cry. Ode: A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified, formal style on some serious subject. John Keat's famous "Ode on a Grecian Urn":Ode on a Grecian Urn John Keats
Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape Of deities or mortals, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? What men or gods are these? What maidens loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?
Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd, Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone: Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare; Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Though winning near the goal yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss, For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu; And, happy melodist, unwearied, For ever piping songs for ever new; More happy love! more happy, happy love! For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd, For ever panting, and for ever young; All breathing human passion far above, That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd, A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.
Who are these coming to the sacrifice? To what green altar, O mysterious priest, Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies, And all her silken flanks with garlands drest? What little town by river or sea shore, Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel, Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn? And, little town, thy streets for evermore Will silent be; and not a soul to tell Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.
O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede Of marble men and maidens overwrought, With forest branches and the trodden weed; Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral! When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st, "Beauty is truth, truth beauty,--that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know." Onomatopoeia: The use of a word whose sound imitates or reinforces its meaning. Words such as "whoosh," "tick-tock," "zoom," "purr," and "popcorn" are all instances of onomatopoeia.
Parallelism: The repetition of words, phrases, or clauses that are similar in structure or in meaning. From Psalm 34:
I will bless the Lord at all times: his praise shall continually be in my mouth. Parody: The imitation of piece of literature or music or art, for amusement or instruction. A parody of John Masefield's "Sea Fever," entitled "C Fever: Bring Home the Report Card":
I must go down to the living room, to face the music go I, And all I ask is a feeble excuse and some luck to get me by, And my mom is miffed and I can't speak up and my knees are shaking, And a gray mist's on my dad's face, and my voice starts quaking. Personification: A figure of speech in which something nohuman is given human characteristics or feelings. Elizabeth Bishop's "Varick Street":At night the factories struggle awake, wretched uneasy buildings veined with pipes attempt their work trying to breathe the elongated nostrils hatred with spikes give off such stenches, too. Poetic License: A writer's freedom to break conventional rules in order to use language playfully and creatively, usually to create mood or enhance meaning. All of E. E. Cummings' poems use no punctuation or capitalization.
Quatrain: A group of four lines of verse which are unified in thought and sometimes in rhyme. An example from Margaret Rogers:
In the Spring a young man's fancy Lightly turn to poetry, Writing odes to Rose or Nancy Corseted in symmetry.
Refrain: One or more words, phrases, or lines that are repated regularly in a poem, usually at the end of each stanza. An example is "Quoth the Raven, 'Nevermore.'" in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven."
Rhyme: The reptition of accented vowel sounds and all succeeding sounds in words that appear close together in verse. I have a tutorial on the first page (second post) which outlines all you need to know about rhyme.
Rhythm: In language, the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. It is a component of meter. (See meter for examples)
Sestet: The final six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet. The sestet from Edna St. Vincent Millay's "Sonnet XLIII":Thus in winter stands the lonely tree, Nor knows what birds have vanished one by one, Yet knows its boughs more silent than before: I cannot say what loves have come and gone, I only know that summer sang in me A little while, that in me sings no more. Simile: A direct comparison made between two unlike things, using a word of comparison such as "like, as, than, such as, or resembles." D. H. Lawrence's "A Youth Mowing":And he sees me bringing the dinnner, he lifts His head as proud as a deer that looks Shoulder-deep out of the corn.
Sonnet: A lyric poem having fourteen rhymed lines, usually written in iambic pentameter. A Petrarchan sonnet contains the aforementioned octave and sestet with a rhyme scheme of abbaabbacdecde, while a Shakespearean Sonnet contains three quatrains and a concluding couplet with a rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg. Shakespeare's Sonnet LXV:
Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, But sad mortality o'er-sways their power, How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, Whose action is no stronger than a flower?
O, how shall summer's honey breath hold out Against the wreckful siege of battering days, When rocks impregnable are not so stout, Nor gates of steel so strong, but Time decays?
0 fearful meditation! where, alack, Shall Time's best jewel from Time's chest lie hid? Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back? Or who his spoil of beauty can forbid?
Or, none, unless this miracle have might, That in black ink my love may still shine bright.
Stanza: A group of related lines that forms a division of a poem or a song. The quatrains above are all stanzas.
This tutorial is copyrighted for use in the Neoseeker Writer's Lounge and is in no way affiliated with Neo Era Media Inc. or its affiliates. This cannot be duplicated anywhere else without the author's permission. All copyrights and trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved.
If you have any questions/comments/suggestions or want to see the rest of one or more of those poems, feel free to contact me (links in my signature).
This message was edited by BMXPro on Apr 17 2004.
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quote quick quote edit quick edit del report
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Aerocrystaldum di dum di dum...true seeker (2K Remix)     total posts: 2064 since: Jan 2003
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 Apr 09, 04 at 5:45pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Wow, BMX, you've been busy!
I'm gonna hope I make some sense and doesn't sound too corny...
The character development thing is kind of an interesting issue, as depending on the needs of your story sometimes you have to have characters that are unrealistic or don't develop for effect. You have to look at your story as a whole and know what you are trying to saying, and whether your story requires archetypes or people. The most realistic characters are hardest to write, especially if you need more than one, however, that doesn't always mean your story needs them. IF your story is more like a fable or folkloreish, a tale of some sort, or some kind of satire it's fine with mostly archetypes and few, if any real characters, but if you're writing a drama you usually need nearly all your main characters to be realistic.
To write a truely realistic character is not easy, and I have read few books that seem to capture all the intricacies of its characters' personalities, some that have are Catcher and the Rye, and The Brothers Karamazov. The thing is, people are so complex, and so simple, such series of contradictions, that when you truely try to analyze your characters and create you end up weaving them into each other,as well all face some of the same inner conflicts, and you're mainly drawing from your own perspective. Characters can be a like, in many ways, but they have to feel different, and that isn't always easy when you try and make them all really realistic.
Maybe I'm not the best one to give advice in this department as my stories have many characters and often I have trouble seperating them, but when making any realistic character I start with an extreme, but then water it down, more or less depending on how much of an archetype I want him to be depending on his purpose in the story. For example, maybe I take the feeling of being bitter, and remember everything I feel or think when I'm very bitter and transform those into character traits, then you soften this by adding in random quirks you see in other people and a few softer emotions, and slowly this character pulls away from yourself into something new. It's hard to explain, but you don't need to list different personality traits, you just have to learn how to feel for a certain personality. Then when you write as that character you remember the emotion you based it on, but remember to add smaller, even sometimes contradictory details about them.
A lot of times it has to do with stripping yourself down to one emotion and then building back up around it.
But really the easiest realistic character for one to write as is themselves, and I'll admit that one of my main characters in my writing is very much like me, and product of many years of living in my own world. However, when you do this, you must also keep in mind the perspective of the character. Essentially, they could be exactly like you, but you have keep in mind what kind of life you've given them and the things they would have seen. Like with that character I mentioned before who is a lot like me, when I write as her I have to keep in mind, she may be me, but that doesn't mean she sees things the same way. A character can have the same personality as you, but they'll never truely (and probably shouldn't) be the same exact person unless you are writing a biography.
The character I mentioned before has less education than me, therefore probably more ignorant than myself, this character doesn't have television or movies, they may have a greater fear of the unknown, than myself. So basically, you can give a character whatever personality traits you like, but to really keep them realistic, you need to mold their perspective and attitude on their own experiences, which is why I like to think of histories to all my characters, even if you never have time to write them down in the story.
And this is going to sound funny, but treat your realistic characters as you would people. Learn to walk a mile in their shoes, and don't catigorize them so quickly; give them room to grow, and occaisionally let them break from their molds as all real people do, and try to always keep their background and moods in mind.
This sounds really complicated, but like I've said before, I believe that few authors acheive truely realistic characters, and a lot of times you don't have to have any or you only need one really good character, but it is good to experiment as well, to learn to watch, to create, and most of all to be different people.
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the solitary roseJust smile and nod...seek-o-holic    total posts: 970 since: Jan 2004
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 Apr 09, 04 at 10:53pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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all right, thanks for all the advice. I think I've got a fair grasp on it now.. let me know what you think of this story's characters.
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LuciaraSwashmafocking right!!high on "N"     total posts: 847 since: Mar 2004
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 Apr 11, 04 at 2:14pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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ummmm i dont really understand this place do we advertise our work to gather fans and such or is it like every other thread? and i know this is probablly off topic but i dont know what to do i need to ask a question here it is: How do you change the name of your thread?
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SierraDon't Try This At Hometrue seeker    total posts: 1118 since: Jan 2004
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 Apr 11, 04 at 3:12pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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This thread is for tutorials and general assistance with writing.
Aero, that was an awesome description. I particularly liked the part about stripping yourself down to one emotion and building it back up.
On the other hand, most of my characters, I think, are not based on my own personality at all. I start out with a generic form and then proceed to build it up with details which are rarely based upon myself.
Some people, I imagine, have enough innate talent to be capable of creating incredible work without ripping themselves apart over it. I, for better or for worse, am not one of those people. To write, I need to make it an obsession. I eavesdrop. Yeah, that's my only writing secret. I listen to people on the street and in the halls having casual, boring conversations. I'm hoping that it makes things all come out more realistic in the end.
------------------- Thronging of the thousands up that labour under sea White for bliss and blind for sun and stunned for liberty. -Lepanto, GK Chesterton
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Aerocrystaldum di dum di dum...true seeker (2K Remix)     total posts: 2064 since: Jan 2003
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 Apr 12, 04 at 3:22pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Thanks Sierra, heh, I'm really nosy too!
Well really with any really good work of art whether it's writing or drawing or whatever has as much to do with how much work/passion you put into it as talent because everyone's idea of good art is so different...
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Artificer
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 Apr 14, 04 at 6:11pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Le Café Bleu :: Writing Tutorial :: Prose » Terms
Prose has another aspect of terms to it; my effort with this tutorial is to help you understand a lot of these terms. A lot of poetic terms can be applied to prose; check the poetry terms tutorial higher on the page. Examples are in brackets.
If you know of something that can be added, then please, don't hesitate to contact me.
Allegory: A tale in prose or verse in which characters, actions, or settings, represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. [Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”]
Almanac: A book of months and days for one year, containing weather predictions, a wide variety of miscellaneous information, and, often, proverbs. [Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard almanacs]
Anecdote: A very short story that is told to make a point. [Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography]
Antagonist: A person or force opposing the protagonist in a drama or narrative. [Moby Dick in Melville’s Moby-Dick and Professor Moriarty in Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes mysteries]
Aphorism: A terse, pointed statement expressing some wise or clever statement about life. [He that lives upon hope will die fasting. (Benjamin Franklin)]
Aside: In drama, a short speech spoken by a character in an undertone or directly to the audience. [Captain Ahab’s aside to the audience after gaining Starbuck on his side in Melville’s Moby Dick: “Speak, but speak!--Aye, aye, thy silence, then, that voices thee. (Aside) Something shot from my dilated nostrils, and he has inhaled it in his lungs. Starbuck now is mine; cannot oppose me now, without rebellion."]
Autobiography: A person’s account of his or her own life. [Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography and The Education of Henry Adams]
Biography: A detailed account of a person’s life written by another person. Impressionistic Biography creates an impression of the person being examined by conveying his or her essence. [John Dos Passos’ U.S.A.]
Brag: See Tall Tale
Character: A person—or an animal, a thing, or a natural force presented as a person—apearing in a literary work. To make the actions of a character believable, a writer must provide motivation, the stated or implied reason behind the character’s behavior. A round character is one who is “well-rounded,” having a multidimensional personality, etc., while a flat character is two-dimensional, non-interesting character. Stock/stereotyped characters are those that appear so often that their nature is immediately familiar to a reader or audience. A static character is one who does not change through a work, but a dynamic character does change.
Characterization: The means by which a writer reveals a character’s personality. Direct Characterization involves characterization through direct statements revealing the author’s idea of the character and through a physical description of the character, while indirect characterization involves characterization through the character’s actions, thoughts, and speeches, and what other think or say about the character.
Chorus: In drama, one or more characters who comment on the action. [The Stage Manager in Thornton Wilder’s Our Town]
Classicism: A movement or tendency in art, literature, and music reflecting the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. [The Declaration of Independence]
Climax: The decisive point in a narrative or drama; the point of greatest intensity or interest. [When Sobel confesses his love for Miriam to Feld in Bernard Malamud’s “The First Seven Years”]
Comedy: In general, a literary work that ends happily. [Eugene O’Neill’s Ah, Wilderness!]
Conflict: A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. External (man vs. man, man vs. society, and man vs. nature) and internal (man vs. himself) conflict exist.
Denouement: The outcome of a plot. Also known as resolution. The denouement is that part of a story, novel, or play in which conflicts are resolved and the protagonist’s fortunes are decided.
Description: The type of writing that deals with the appearance ofa person, an object, or a place. [“They lived in a forlorn-looking house that stood alone and had an air of starvation. A few straggling savin-trees, emblems of sterility, grew near it; no smoke ever curled from its chimney; no traveller stopped at its door. A miserable horse, whose ribs were as articulate as the bars of a gridiron, stalked about a field, where a thin carpet of moss, scarcely covering the ragged beds of pudding-stone, tantalized and balked his hunger…” in Washington Irving’s “The Devil and Tom Walker”]
Dialect: The characteristic speech of a particular region or social group. [“So he flew off and fetched another acorn and dropped it in, and tried to flirt his eye to the hole quick enough to see what become of it, but he was too late. He held his eye there as much as a minute; then he raised up and sighed, and says, 'Confound it, I don't seem to understand this thing, no way; however, I'll tackle her again’” in Mark Twain’s “Baker’s Bluejay Yarn”]
Diction: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision. [“In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life, — no disgrace, no calamity, (leaving me my eyes,) which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground, — my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, — all mean egotism vanishes…” from Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature: an elevated, formal diction]
Epigram: A short, witty statement in prose or verse. [“A man being sometimes more generous when he has but a little money than when he has plenty, perhaps thro' fear of being thought to have but little.” (Benjamin Franklin)]
Essay: A prose work, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point of view.
Exposition: The kind of writing that is intended primarily to present information. [The Stage Manager in Thornton Wilder’s Our Town]
Expressionism: A movement in literature and art that emphasized the life of themind and feelings rather than the realistic, external details of everyday life. [Expressionistic plays of Swedish playwright August Strindberg]
Fable: A brief story that is told to present a moral, or practical lesson. [Aesop’s Fables]
Falling Action: Shows the reversal of fortune for the protagonist.
Farce: A type of comedy based on a farfetched humorous situation, often with ridiculous or stereotyped characters.
Flashback: A scene in a short story, a novel, or a play tha tinterrupts the action to show an event that happened earlier. [Helen White’s recollection of a summer walk with George Willard in Sherwood Anderson’s “Sophistication”]
Foil: A character who sets off another character by contrast. In John Updike’s story, “The Lucid Eye in Silver Town,” the narrator’s father and uncle serve as foils to each other. The father is passive but cleareyed and wise while the uncle is confident and compelling but a bit shallow.
Folklore: Traditional songs, myths, legends, fables, fairy tales, proverbs, and riddles composed anonymously and either written down or passed on by word-of-mouth from generation to generation. [Traditional ballads, Indian songs, spirituals]
Foreshadowing: The use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest what action is to come. [Key element in suspense]
Form: The structure and organization of a literary work, as distinct from its content, which is what the work is about.
Gothic: A term that describes the use in fiction of grotesque, glooy settings (often castles) and ysterious, violent, and supernatural occurrences to create suspense and awe. [Many of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories, such as “The Cask of Amontillado.”]
Harlem Renaissance: A flowering of black writing, art, and usic in the 1920s. [Poets included Charles McKay, Langston Hughes, and Jean Toomer.]
Incongruity: The joining of opposites to create an unexpected situation. [Incongruity is often used for comic effect, as in Mark Twain’s “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.”]
Irony: A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Verbal irony is irony in which a writer or speaker says one thing and means something entirely different. Dramatic irony is irony in which a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know. Irony of situation is irony in which the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected result of some action or situation and its actual result.
Journal: A kind of autobiographical writing, generally a day-by-day record of events in a person’s life and of that person’s reflections. [William Byrd’s The History of the Dividing Line]
Literary Letter: A letter that is deliberately written to be read by a wide audience. [Michel Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer]
Local Color: The use of specific details describing the dialect, dress, customs, and scenery associated with a particular region or section of the country. [Bret Harte uses local color of the West in his short story, “The Outcasts of Poker Flat”]
Melodrama: A drama that has stereotyped characters, exaggerated emotions, and a conflict that pits an all-good hero or heroine against an all-evil villain.
Metonymy: A figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself. [“Three sails came into the harbor” (Instead of three boats)]
Monologue: An extended speech by a character ina play, short story, novel, or narrative poem. Soliloquys are monologues in which the character is “thinking aloud.” Mood: The prevailing feeling or emotional climate of a literary work, often developed, at least in part, through descriptions of setting. [Atmosphere of gloom in E. A. Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher”]
Motif: A recurring feature (such as a name, an image, or a phrase). [Selling your soul to devil in return for some worldly possession (in “The Devil and Tom Walker,” “The Devil and Daniel Webster,” and The Life and Tragedy of Dr. Faustus]
Myth: A story, often about immortals and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that attempts to give meaning to the mysteries of the worlds. [Greek mythology]
Narration: The kind of writing or speaking that tells a story.
Narrator: One who narrates, or tells, a story. You can refer to Jill’s tutorial on the first page for points-of-view and narrators.
Naturalism: An extreme form of realism. [Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath]
Novel: A book-length fictional prose narrative, having many characters and, often, a complex plot. [Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]
Oral Humor: A type of humor achieved in writing through representing the actual speech of a character, often including mispronunciations, grammatical errors, and colorful expressions.
Oral Literature: Literature not written down but passed from generation to genation through performance or word-of-mouth. [Spirituals, Indian songs, ballads]
Oratory: Formal public speaking and literature that grows out of public speeches. [Patrick Henry’s “Speech in the Virginia Convention” and Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address”]
Ornate Style: A highly elaborate style of writing popular in England and America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. [Difficult vocabulary, intricate sentence structure, complex figures of speech, and obscure allusions]
Oxymoron: A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms, as in “sweet sorrow,” or “wise fool.”
Parable: See Allegory.
Paradox: A statement that reveals a kind of turth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue. [Emily Dickinson’s “Much Madness is Divinest Sense”]
Parallelism: The use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar or complementary in structure or in meaning. [“We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated…” from Patrick Henry’s “Speech in the Virginia Convention]
Parody: The humorous imitation of a work of literature, art, or music.
Pathos: The quality in a work of literature that arouses a feeling of pity, or sorrow, or compassion in the reader. [Also sentimentality, but that is false, while pathos is genuine.]
Persona: The person whos peaks in a literary work, from the Latin word for mask. [A persona of a “projector” in Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal]
Persuasion: The type of speaking or writing that is intended to make its audience adopt a certain opinion, or perform an action, or do both. [Patrick Henry’s “Speech in the Virginia Convention”]
Plain Style: A simple and clear style of writing which began as a revolt against ornate style. [Puritans advocated this style—common vocabulary, simple sentence structure, clear and vivid images, and direct and precise statement.
Plot: The sequence of events or actions in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.
Point of View: The vantage point from which a narrative is told. Refer to Jill’s tutorial on the first page for further analysis of point of view.
Protagonist: The central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem. [Daniel Webster in “The Devil and Daniel Webster”]
Realism: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.
Revelation: The focal point of many narratives. [In Tim O’Brien’s “Field Trip,” the revelation occurs at the end, when the narrator’s feelings about his wartime experience are resolved.
Rhetoric: The art of using language for persuasion.
Rising action: The action in a novel, short story, play, or narrative poem that rises to the climax.
Satire: A kind of writing that holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. [Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and The Wizard of Oz]
Setting: The time and place in which events in a short story, novel, play or narrative poem occur.
Slave Narrative: An autobiographical account written by a former slave. [Accounts from Frederick Douglass, Olaudah Equiano, and Harriet A. Jacobs]
Spirtual: A folk song, usually on a religious theme.
Staging (Stagecraft): All the devices except dialogue which a dramatist uses to communicate to an audience. [Scenery, costume, gesture and movement, and lighting.]
Stream of Consciousness: The style of writing that attempts to imitate the antural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections,memories, and mental images, as the character experiences them. [Katherine Anne Porter’s “The Jilting of Granny Weatherall”]
Style: A writer’s characteristic way of writing, determined by the choice of words, the arrangement of words in sentences, and the relationship of the sentences to one another.
Suspense: The quality of a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem that makes the reader or audience uncertain or tense about the outcome of events.
Symbol: Any object, person, place, or action that has a meaning in itself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief, or a value.
Tall Tale: A humorous story that is outlandishly exaggerated. One special form is the brag, in which person bragging makes incredible claims.
Theme: The general idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to convey in a literary work.
Tone: The attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, and readers.
Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end.
Transcendentalism: A philosophy which holds that basic truths can be reached through intuition rather than through reason.
Understatement: A restrained statement in which less is said than is meant. [If it’s ten degrees below zero and someone says, “It’s a bit cool out today,” it’s an understatement]
Utopian Novel: A type of novel which arose from the technological revolution preceding World War I, depicting a perfect future society achieved through science.
Vernacular: The everyday spoken language of a people ina particular locality, and writing that imitates or suggests such language.
Voice: A language style adopted by an author to create the effect of a particular speaker.
This tutorial is copyrighted for use in the Neoseeker Writer's Lounge and is in no way affiliated with Neo Era Media Inc. or its affiliates. This cannot be duplicated anywhere else without the author's permission. All copyrights and trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved.
If you have any questions/comments/suggestions or want to see the rest of one or more of those poems, feel free to contact me (links in my signature).
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Teodor TenchevNeo or Bust     total posts: 7633 neopoints: 9410 GameGrep pts: 1019 since: Apr 2003
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 Apr 17, 04 at 1:05am
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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I didn't see haiku in this Tutorial. Will you add it?
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Artificer
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 Apr 17, 04 at 6:57am
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Thanks; it's added under the poetry tutorial.
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The CreatorHave I been... forgotten?forum raider    total posts: 3014 since: Dec 2002
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 Apr 26, 04 at 3:38am
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Hmm.. could I discuss a matter here? Well, the world is getting much more challenging as the generations pass.. and so has writing. Stories that basically have the same line really won't be something new anymore.. or would it? For example, if we have a book that's about witches and wizards as harry Potter and the writing quality is on the same level.. people would just go "Bah.. just the same old same old.."
Or perhaps not? Well, my teacher once said that William SHakespeare is perhaps the greatest writer known, cause he has written everything, from tragedy all the way to comedy. So.. if there's nothing new.. How are we going to make a bestseller? And not just bestseller, and book or writing that might just surpass the legends of the past.. you get what I mean?
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JiLL_tHe_ViDeO_gAmErPLASTIC WORLDStill Seekin'    since: Apr 2002
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 Apr 26, 04 at 1:11pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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I think that the critics would probably label it as cliche. But I also find that most readers like cliche. It gets them interested, being a subject that they like and soemthing they can relate to. However, you can capture a reader by adding lots of plot twist, exciting characters, and important events to make it original.
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the solitary roseJust smile and nod...seek-o-holic    total posts: 970 since: Jan 2004
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 Apr 27, 04 at 10:05am
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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yes, most definetly, reader's like the cliche' most original authors rarely get published. Lets face it, most people want to read the same played out story lines they've heard all their life.
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Hanyou2003I have returned!true seeker    total posts: 1181 since: Mar 2003
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 Apr 29, 04 at 3:00pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Yes, often you do have those who like the same sort of story over and over, but then you can also have those you love a new twist in the "maze of life". For those readers, you have to try something new or different to get their attention. And at that point, a trite story line won't work.
I'm one of those who can't stand the same story over and over, so I try to never write the same thing. That's the toughest thing to do in my book. But if you haven't seen the movies being produced lately, more and more people are turning back to the ideas that worked in our grandparents' time. Look at the movie Spiderman. It came from a comic strip written how many years ago? And Underworld, just a new age version of Romeo and Juliet, but do you see how popular it was?
Pretty much no matter what you do, there's going to be someone who's "seen that too many times", "heard it before", or just plain doesn't like it. In the end you just have to make up your mind, and decide which part of the audience you want to play to. You have to choose if you want to be completely original in every form, which is becoming closer to impossible each day, or if you want to use something that you know can work, because it has been shown acceptance in the past.
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Irish Gamer
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 May 07, 04 at 1:37pm
re: Le Bleu Café : A Writers' Gathering Place
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Well, I guess I'm going to be the first to post an excerpt of a novel I'm writing. I'll take ALL critisms, good and bad, and remember it's only a first draft:
quote Airen
It was night. The moon was high in the dark navy sea that is the night sky. There were many stars on this night, twinkling in the night like candles. Such was the light provided by the stars and moon that there was no need for a lantern when walking along the Great Way. Light reflected off two swords attached to the belts of two men riding on horses in the middle of the road. They were messengers, approaching the halfway point of their long journey. Ahead of them lay Huran Forest, a tropical forest where the climate suddenly changed. The air was warmer here then in their homeland, which was 300 leagues north. As thy approached this forest and left the Plains of Ruran and the Great Way behind them, their senses became more acute, and subconsciously both of the men slowly lowered a hand to the hilt of their swords. 2 leagues into the forest would be the small town of Banra, the point at which so many messengers had before been welcomed. But there were foul things in the forest these days, and the messengers rarely made it to Banra anymore. Even if the messengers reached Banra, they would have to reveal their crest to the watchmen, and also reveal themselves to any evil eyes watching. The risk involved in travelling to Minaclad had greatly increased in the last decade. The two men were of average height. The one to the right was slightly taller then the other and both had long brown hair. They both wore green cloaks which bore the crest of their peoples underneath, concealed from anybody watching. The crest was an extravagant C with two swords crossing through it. They wore simple brown leather tunics underneath the cloak, and had a leather belt which held the scabbard of their swords. Both of them had daggers concealed in some part of their body, but neither carried a bow and arrow. A shield was strapped to their backs, and they rode their horses with no saddle. They slowed the horses down to a canter as they approached the forest. They came closer together and started whispering, as if they feared being overheard. ‘Do you realise that we’re the tenth pair they have sent to Minaclad? None of the others returned, and no word has been heard from Minaclad for 3 months,’ the smaller of the two said, looking around him in fear. The taller nodded, and said in a deep voice, ‘Yes, I know, Shamun. My brother was sent out 3 weeks ago. I have heard that they are even contemplating building boats to brave the Atlan Sea in order to get a message to Minaclad. There is some evil brewing.’ ‘But what, Tolin?’ ‘Felna only knows. But rest easy, soon we shall be in bed in the finest inn in Banra!’ ‘Maybe we won’t make it that far…’ Shamun whispered; fear etched on his every feature. Tolin merely hung his head. ‘Maybe not…’ he whispered. As he said these words, a breeze blew up from the south, and with it the messengers saw clouds. But there was also something else, a smell that only the messengers could pick up. ‘You smell that?’ whispered Shamun. ‘Burning…’ Tolin replied. At the same time they heard church bells being sounded, and the screams of women. The messengers looked at eachother in shock and simultaneously shouted. ‘Banra is under attack!’ The clouds were rapidly blotting out all the stars, as if a blackout was occurring in the sky. The messengers seemed to be paralysed by shock, listening to the screams and the crackle of burning wood. Suddenly there was no light, and it began to rain. Even though the air was warm, a shiver went up the spine of both messengers. They could see the orange glow of the fire as Banra was burned to the ground. They silently decided to turn back, to go to Citelan and warn their people. But the saboteurs had their own ideas. 5 arrows shot out from the forest, three of them hitting their targets. One struck Shamun’s horse in the heart, killing it instantly, and the other two hit Shamun; one in the shoulder and one in the leg. He collapsed with his horse, landing on its stomach and sitting up in the process. Shamun looked up at Tolin and whispered, ‘Leave me. Warn Himal…’ he coughed at the last word. Tolin looked at him in concern, before an arrow missed him by centimetres. Giving Shamun a grim nod, he kicked his steed and the horse began galloping up the Great Way. Shamun saw four horses bearing tall men gallop after him, and one came out of the forest and trotted over to him. Shamun ignored the man, focussing on trying to move. But the pain was too great. Blood was gushing from his leg wound, and he could smell the blood on his shoulder. He was sure that he would die this day. The rain stopped. The breeze was pushing them further north, and Shamun could see who he was facing. He was tall, at least 6’4”, and would make Shamun seem like a child should they stand next to eachother. Strands of golden hair could be seen under a brown hooded cloak. Only his mouth could be seen, everything else was hidden by the hood. A quiver of arrows was tied to his back, and he held a longbow in his right hand. Shamun instantly recognised who he was dealing with. ‘Nortic filth…’ he whispered. The man knelt down so Shamun could see his face. He had green eyes, and a pale face. It seemed drained somehow, as if by age, but this man looked only in his early twenties. He smirked at Shamun. ‘It is not wise, my friend, to insult a person that could easily kill you now, or torture you into insanity. Not wise at all…’ ‘Then kill me now, Bowman, and put me out of my misery…’ Shamun whispered, struggling to keep the pain at bay. The man’s smirk widened into a smile, revealing white teeth. Shamun noted that there was menace behind that smile. ‘I will, but first let me tell you a story. Many centuries ago the god Felna created Airen and all its peoples. My people were once united with your people. But my people were exiled for being… different . Your people took our wives and killed our children, and we were forced to raid tiny villages for wives in order to survive…’ the man stood once more and began choosing an arrow with which to kill Shamun, ‘For years your people grew and prospered, while we struggled to survive. So we decided to make a stand, to go to war with Citelan and bring them to their knees. It turns out that other peoples want to bring you to your knees as well. So, here we are…’ the man whispered, finally picking an arrow and cocking it, pulling back the string. ‘Here we are, Bowmen, Bairutil and Kivanlar, on the brink of destroying Citelan…’ he grinned as he released the arrow. Shamun’s eyes widened in realisation before the arrow struck, piercing through his heart, killing him instantly. The bowman chuckled to himself as he looked at the dead man’s face. ‘Citelanians,’ he said to himself, before dragging the body deep into the forest, never to be seen again.
It's actually the prologue, but I wanted to see what people thought I could improve on. I know that I'll hvae improved the prologue before I release my novel, but I was interested to see what you guys thought?
Go easy one me 
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